About this Dataset

Transforming Drainage Research Data (USDA-NIFA Award No. 2015-68007-23193)

This dataset contains research data compiled by the “Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes” project a.k.a. Transforming Drainage. This project was funded from 2015-2021 by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA, Award No. 2015-68007-23193). Data are also available from a separate web-accessible application (drainagedata.org). At drainagedata.org, users can visualize the data with customized tools, query based on specific sites and measurements of interest, and access site photographs, maps, summaries, and publications. Additional data or edits made following the publication of this data here at USDA NAL Ag Data Commons will be posted under the Versions tab on drainagedata.org.

These data began in 1996 and include plot- and field-level measurements for 39 experiments across the Midwest and North Carolina. Practices studied include controlled drainage, drainage water recycling, and saturated buffers. In total, 219 variables are reported and span 207 site-years for tile drainage, 154 for nitrate-N load, 181 for water quality, 92 for water table, and 201 for crop yield.

The Transforming Drainage Project worked to advance the process of designing and implementing agricultural drainage systems for storing water in the landscape to improve the resiliency and productivity of agricultural systems. At each site, a control plot was paired with a plot with one of the following three practices to assess impacts.

Controlled Drainage (CD) is the practice of using a water control structure to raise the depth of the drainage outlet, holding water in the field during periods when drainage is not needed.
Drainage Water Recycling (DWR) diverts subsurface drainage water into on-farm ponds or reservoirs, where it is stored until it can be used by the crop later in the season through supplemental irrigation.
Saturated Buffers (SB) remove nitrate from subsurface drainage water by diverting it into the buffer where it can be taken up by growing vegetation or removed by denitrification.

Resources in this dataset:

 * Resource Title: Field management - tillage.

File Name: mngt_tillage_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about tillage operations performed in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – notes.

File Name: mngt_notes_data.csv

Resource Description: General information about field conditions during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – residue.

File Name: mngt_residue_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about residue management in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – fertilizing.

File Name: mngt_fertilizing_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about fertilizer application and soil amendments performed in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – harvesting.

File Name: mngt_harvesting_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about harvesting operations performed in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – planting.

File Name: mngt_planting_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about planting operations performed in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – irrigation.

File Name: mngt_irrigation_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about irrigation operations performed in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Field management – drainage water management.

File Name: mngt_dwm_data.csv

Resource Description: Information about drainage water management in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Weather data.

File Name: weather_data.csv

Resource Description: On-site weather data collected in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Soil physicochemical properties data.

File Name: soil_properties_data.csv

Resource Description: Soil physicochemical measurements collected in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Soil moisture data.

File Name: soil_moisture_data.csv

Resource Description: Soil moisture, temperature and bulk EC measurements collected in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Irrigation data.

File Name: irrigation_data.csv

Resource Description: Amount of irrigation water applied to the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Stage data.

File Name: water_stage_data.csv

Resource Description: Stage measurements in the wetlands during the study period

 * Resource Title: Water table data.

File Name: water_table_data.csv

Resource Description: Water table measurements collected in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Water quality data.

File Name: water_quality_data.csv

Resource Description: Water quality measurements collected from the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Methodology.

File Name: meta_methods.csv

Resource Description: Description of the drainage system set up, sampling procedures, and other protocols used at each research site during the study period

 * Resource Title: Plot treatment.

File Name: meta_treatment_identifier.csv

Resource Description: List of treatments used across the research sites during the study period

 * Resource Title: Plot description.

File Name: meta_plot_characteristics.csv

Resource Description: Description of plots and corresponding drainage systems for each research site

 * Resource Title: Agronomic data.

File Name: agronomic_data.csv

Resource Description: Agronomic measurements collected in the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Site description.

File Name: meta_site_characteristics.csv

Resource Description: Description of the research sites

 * Resource Title: Drainage data.

File Name: drain_flow_and_N_loads_data.csv

Resource Description: Drain flow and nitrate load measurements collected from the research fields during the study period

 * Resource Title: Data dictionary.

File Name: data_dictionary.csv
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Last updated: 2024-03-30T12:23:11.599024
Tags: ars, controlled-drainage, crop-yield, data-gov, drainage, drainage-water-management, drainage-water-recycling, np211, saturated-buffer, subsurface-drainage, tile-drainage

Tables

Agronomic Data 0

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.agronomic_data_0

58.68 kB
2,909 rows
25 columns

CREATE TABLE agronomic_data_0 (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "crop" VARCHAR,
  "trt_2" VARCHAR,
  "trt_value_2" VARCHAR,
  "year" BIGINT,
  "date" VARCHAR,
  "leaf_area_index" VARCHAR,
  "final_plant_population" VARCHAR,
  "grain_moisture" VARCHAR,
  "crop_yield" VARCHAR,
  "standard_moisture" VARCHAR,
  "whole_plant_biomass" VARCHAR,
  "vegetative_biomass" VARCHAR,
  "grain_biomass" VARCHAR,
  "corn_cob_biomass" VARCHAR,
  "forage_biomass" VARCHAR,
  "whole_plant_total_n" VARCHAR,
  "vegetative_total_n" VARCHAR,
  "grain_total_n" VARCHAR,
  "corn_cob_total_n" VARCHAR,
  "vegetative_total_c" VARCHAR,
  "grain_total_c" VARCHAR,
  "corn_cob_total_c" VARCHAR
);

Data Dictionary 5

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.data_dictionary_5

22.32 kB
314 rows
8 columns

CREATE TABLE data_dictionary_5 (
  "file_name" VARCHAR,
  "element_or_value_display_name" VARCHAR,
  "brief_description" VARCHAR,
  "units" VARCHAR,
  "data_type" VARCHAR,
  "acceptable_values" VARCHAR,
  "required_status" VARCHAR,
  "accepts_null_value" VARCHAR
);

Drain Flow And N Loads Data 0

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.drain_flow_and_n_loads_data_0

952.5 kB
230,619 rows
11 columns

CREATE TABLE drain_flow_and_n_loads_data_0 (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "drain_flow" VARCHAR,
  "discharge" VARCHAR,
  "nitrate_n_load" VARCHAR,
  "nitrate_n_removed" VARCHAR,
  "drain_flow_filled" VARCHAR,
  "nitrate_n_load_filled" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Irrigation Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.irrigation_data

7.93 kB
752 rows
4 columns

CREATE TABLE irrigation_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "irrigation_amount" DOUBLE
);

Meta Methods

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.meta_methods

53.74 kB
459 rows
4 columns

CREATE TABLE meta_methods (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "data_category" VARCHAR,
  "variable_name" VARCHAR,
  "method_description" VARCHAR
);

Meta Plot Characteristics

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.meta_plot_characteristics

22.63 kB
191 rows
21 columns

CREATE TABLE meta_plot_characteristics (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "drainage_area" VARCHAR,
  "plot_area" VARCHAR,
  "drain_depth" VARCHAR,
  "drain_spacing" VARCHAR,
  "drain_main_diameter" VARCHAR,
  "drain_submain_diameter" VARCHAR,
  "drain_lateral_diameter" VARCHAR,
  "drain_grade" VARCHAR,
  "drain_material" VARCHAR,
  "location_mngt" VARCHAR,
  "location_agr" VARCHAR,
  "location_sp" VARCHAR,
  "location_sm" VARCHAR,
  "location_wt" VARCHAR,
  "location_st" VARCHAR,
  "location_wq" VARCHAR,
  "location_tf" VARCHAR,
  "location_nl" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Meta Site Characteristics 0

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.meta_site_characteristics_0

72.51 kB
39 rows
57 columns

CREATE TABLE meta_site_characteristics_0 (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "lead_pi" VARCHAR,
  "co_leaders" VARCHAR,
  "pi_institution" VARCHAR,
  "official_farm_name" VARCHAR,
  "farm_field_name" VARCHAR,
  "data_year_first" BIGINT,
  "data_year_last" BIGINT,
  "state" VARCHAR,
  "county" VARCHAR,
  "fips" BIGINT,
  "city_nearest" VARCHAR,
  "latitude" VARCHAR,
  "longitude" VARCHAR,
  "site_area" VARCHAR,
  "number_of_plots" BIGINT,
  "experimental_design" VARCHAR,
  "drainage_retention_practice" VARCHAR,
  "irrigation_water_source_1" VARCHAR,
  "irrigation_water_source_2" VARCHAR,
  "water_storage_system" VARCHAR,
  "water_storage_capacity" VARCHAR,
  "pond_surface_area" VARCHAR,
  "landscape_slope" VARCHAR,
  "drain_depth_site" VARCHAR,
  "drain_spacing_site" VARCHAR,
  "drain_main_diameter_site" VARCHAR,
  "drain_submain_diameter_site" VARCHAR,
  "drain_lateral_diameter_site" VARCHAR,
  "depth_of_restrictive_layer" VARCHAR,
  "drain_grade" VARCHAR,
  "drainage_coefficient" VARCHAR,
  "drainage_system_installation_year" VARCHAR,
  "control_structure_installation_year" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_width" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_slope_parallel" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_slope_perp" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_vegetation_dominant" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_vegetation_secondary" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_distribution_pipe_depth" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_distribution_pipe_length" VARCHAR,
  "buffer_distribution_pipe_slope" VARCHAR,
  "soil_series_name_1" VARCHAR,
  "soil_series_description_1" VARCHAR,
  "soil_texture_series_1" VARCHAR,
  "soil_drainage_class_1" VARCHAR,
  "soil_taxonomic_class_1" VARCHAR,
  "soil_series_name_2" VARCHAR,
  "soil_series_description_2" VARCHAR,
  "soil_texture_series_2" VARCHAR,
  "soil_drainage_class_2" VARCHAR,
  "soil_taxonomic_class_2" VARCHAR,
  "soil_series_name_3" VARCHAR,
  "soil_series_description_3" VARCHAR,
  "soil_texture_series_3" VARCHAR,
  "soil_drainage_class_3" VARCHAR,
  "soil_taxonomic_class_3" VARCHAR
);

Meta Treatment Identifier

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.meta_treatment_identifier

9.91 kB
1,718 rows
8 columns

CREATE TABLE meta_treatment_identifier (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "dwmid" VARCHAR,
  "irrid" VARCHAR,
  "year" BIGINT,
  "drainage_water_management" VARCHAR,
  "irrigation" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Dwm Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_dwm_data

16.58 kB
2,179 rows
8 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_dwm_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "control_structure" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "date" VARCHAR,
  "outlet_depth" VARCHAR,
  "outlet_height" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Fertilizing Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_fertilizing_data

47.35 kB
4,801 rows
31 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_fertilizing_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "year_crop" BIGINT,
  "date" VARCHAR,
  "cashcrop" VARCHAR,
  "operation" VARCHAR,
  "operation_type" VARCHAR,
  "depth" VARCHAR,
  "lime_rate" VARCHAR,
  "manure_source" VARCHAR,
  "manure_method" VARCHAR,
  "manure_rate" VARCHAR,
  "fertilizer_form" VARCHAR,
  "fertilizer_crop" VARCHAR,
  "fertilizer_application_type" VARCHAR,
  "fertilizer_formulation" VARCHAR,
  "fertilizer_rate" VARCHAR,
  "nitrogen_elem" VARCHAR,
  "phosphorus_elem" VARCHAR,
  "potassium_elem" VARCHAR,
  "sulfur_elem" VARCHAR,
  "zinc_elem" VARCHAR,
  "magnesium_elem" VARCHAR,
  "calcium_elem" VARCHAR,
  "iron_elem" VARCHAR,
  "stabilizer" VARCHAR,
  "stabilizer_used" VARCHAR,
  "stabilizer_name" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Harvesting Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_harvesting_data

14.08 kB
2,007 rows
8 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_harvesting_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "year_crop" BIGINT,
  "date" VARCHAR,
  "cashcrop" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Irrigation Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_irrigation_data

13.35 kB
771 rows
9 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_irrigation_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "irrigation_structure" VARCHAR,
  "irrigation_method" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "date_irrigation_start" VARCHAR,
  "date_irrigation_end" VARCHAR,
  "irrigation_amount" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Notes Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_notes_data

7.29 kB
110 rows
3 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_notes_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "notes" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Planting Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_planting_data

29.9 kB
2,628 rows
14 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_planting_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "year_crop" BIGINT,
  "date" VARCHAR,
  "cashcrop" VARCHAR,
  "plant_hybrid" VARCHAR,
  "plant_maturity" VARCHAR,
  "plant_maturity_gdd_f" VARCHAR,
  "plant_maturity_gdd_source" VARCHAR,
  "plant_rate" VARCHAR,
  "plant_rate_units" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Mngt Residue Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.mngt_residue_data

9.61 kB
1,607 rows
8 columns

CREATE TABLE mngt_residue_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "year_calendar" BIGINT,
  "year_crop" BIGINT,
  "crop" VARCHAR,
  "notill" VARCHAR,
  "comments" VARCHAR
);

Soil Moisture Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.soil_moisture_data

973.69 kB
383,153 rows
8 columns

CREATE TABLE soil_moisture_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "depth" DOUBLE,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "soil_moisture" VARCHAR,
  "soil_temperature" VARCHAR,
  "soil_ec" VARCHAR
);

Soil Properties Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.soil_properties_data

143.85 kB
22,750 rows
45 columns

CREATE TABLE soil_properties_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "subsample" VARCHAR,
  "depth" VARCHAR,
  "year" BIGINT,
  "date" VARCHAR,
  "soil_texture" VARCHAR,
  "percent_sand" VARCHAR,
  "percent_silt" VARCHAR,
  "percent_clay" VARCHAR,
  "bulk_density" VARCHAR,
  "hydraulic_conductivity" VARCHAR,
  "infiltration_rate" VARCHAR,
  "matric_potential" VARCHAR,
  "water_content" VARCHAR,
  "som" VARCHAR,
  "ph_water" VARCHAR,
  "ph_salt" VARCHAR,
  "lime_index" VARCHAR,
  "neutralizable_acidity" VARCHAR,
  "cec" VARCHAR,
  "k_saturation" VARCHAR,
  "ca_saturation" VARCHAR,
  "mg_saturation" VARCHAR,
  "na_saturation" VARCHAR,
  "k_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "ca_concentation" VARCHAR,
  "mg_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "na_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "k_amount" VARCHAR,
  "ca_amount" VARCHAR,
  "mg_amount" VARCHAR,
  "sar" VARCHAR,
  "salinity_paste" VARCHAR,
  "salinity_water" VARCHAR,
  "soc" VARCHAR,
  "total_n" VARCHAR,
  "no3_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "nh4_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "no3_amount" VARCHAR,
  "nh4_amount" VARCHAR,
  "p_b1_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "p_m3_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "p_b1_amount" VARCHAR
);

Water Quality Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.water_quality_data

235.23 kB
24,823 rows
16 columns

CREATE TABLE water_quality_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "height" VARCHAR,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "sample_type" VARCHAR,
  "nitrate_n_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "ammonia_n_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "total_n_filtered_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "total_n_unfiltered_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "ortho_p_filtered_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "ortho_p_unfiltered_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "total_p_filtered_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "total_p_unfiltered_concentration" VARCHAR,
  "ph" VARCHAR,
  "water_ec" VARCHAR
);

Water Stage Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.water_stage_data

26.91 kB
2,738 rows
4 columns

CREATE TABLE water_stage_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "stage" DOUBLE
);

Water Table Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.water_table_data

608.93 kB
223,491 rows
6 columns

CREATE TABLE water_table_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "plotid" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "reading_type" VARCHAR,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "water_table_depth" VARCHAR
);

Weather Data

@usgov.usda_gov_transforming_drainage_research_usda_nifa_awar_5fd5d8e2.weather_data

760.11 kB
84,550 rows
14 columns

CREATE TABLE weather_data (
  "siteid" VARCHAR,
  "station" VARCHAR,
  "date" TIMESTAMP,
  "precipitation" VARCHAR,
  "relative_humidity" VARCHAR,
  "air_temp_avg" VARCHAR,
  "air_temp_min" VARCHAR,
  "air_temp_max" VARCHAR,
  "dew_point_temp_avg" VARCHAR,
  "solar_radiation" VARCHAR,
  "wind_speed" VARCHAR,
  "wind_direction" VARCHAR,
  "et" VARCHAR,
  "et_method" VARCHAR
);