World Inequality Database (WID, 2023)
@owid.world_inequality_database
@owid.world_inequality_database
countryCountry | yearYear | p0p100_gini_pretaxP0p100 Gini Pretax | p0p100_gini_posttax_disP0p100 Gini Posttax Dis | p0p100_gini_posttax_natP0p100 Gini Posttax Nat | p0p100_gini_wealthP0p100 Gini Wealth | palma_ratio_pretaxPalma Ratio Pretax | s80_s20_ratio_pretaxS80 S20 Ratio Pretax | p90_p10_ratio_pretaxP90 P10 Ratio Pretax | p90_p50_ratio_pretaxP90 P50 Ratio Pretax | p50_p10_ratio_pretaxP50 P10 Ratio Pretax | palma_ratio_posttax_disPalma Ratio Posttax Dis | s80_s20_ratio_posttax_disS80 S20 Ratio Posttax Dis | p90_p10_ratio_posttax_disP90 P10 Ratio Posttax Dis | p90_p50_ratio_posttax_disP90 P50 Ratio Posttax Dis | p50_p10_ratio_posttax_disP50 P10 Ratio Posttax Dis | palma_ratio_posttax_natPalma Ratio Posttax Nat | s80_s20_ratio_posttax_natS80 S20 Ratio Posttax Nat | p90_p10_ratio_posttax_natP90 P10 Ratio Posttax Nat | p90_p50_ratio_posttax_natP90 P50 Ratio Posttax Nat | p50_p10_ratio_posttax_natP50 P10 Ratio Posttax Nat | palma_ratio_wealthPalma Ratio Wealth | s80_s20_ratio_wealthS80 S20 Ratio Wealth | p90_p10_ratio_wealthP90 P10 Ratio Wealth | p90_p50_ratio_wealthP90 P50 Ratio Wealth | p50_p10_ratio_wealthP50 P10 Ratio Wealth | p0p10_share_pretaxP0p10 Share Pretax | p0p50_share_pretaxP0p50 Share Pretax | p10p20_share_pretaxP10p20 Share Pretax | p20p30_share_pretaxP20p30 Share Pretax | p30p40_share_pretaxP30p40 Share Pretax | p40p50_share_pretaxP40p50 Share Pretax | p50p60_share_pretaxP50p60 Share Pretax | p60p70_share_pretaxP60p70 Share Pretax | p70p80_share_pretaxP70p80 Share Pretax | p80p90_share_pretaxP80p90 Share Pretax | p90p100_share_pretaxP90p100 Share Pretax | p99_999p100_share_pretaxP99–999p100 Share Pretax | p99_99p100_share_pretaxP99–99p100 Share Pretax | p99_9p100_share_pretaxP99–9p100 Share Pretax | p99p100_share_pretaxP99p100 Share Pretax | p90p99_share_pretaxP90p99 Share Pretax | p50p90_share_pretaxP50p90 Share Pretax | p0p10_share_posttax_disP0p10 Share Posttax Dis | p0p50_share_posttax_disP0p50 Share Posttax Dis | p10p20_share_posttax_disP10p20 Share Posttax Dis | p20p30_share_posttax_disP20p30 Share Posttax Dis | p30p40_share_posttax_disP30p40 Share Posttax Dis | p40p50_share_posttax_disP40p50 Share Posttax Dis | p50p60_share_posttax_disP50p60 Share Posttax Dis | p60p70_share_posttax_disP60p70 Share Posttax Dis | p70p80_share_posttax_disP70p80 Share Posttax Dis | p80p90_share_posttax_disP80p90 Share Posttax Dis | p90p100_share_posttax_disP90p100 Share Posttax Dis | p99_999p100_share_posttax_disP99–999p100 Share Posttax Dis | p99_99p100_share_posttax_disP99–99p100 Share Posttax Dis | p99_9p100_share_posttax_disP99–9p100 Share Posttax Dis | p99p100_share_posttax_disP99p100 Share Posttax Dis | p90p99_share_posttax_disP90p99 Share Posttax Dis | p50p90_share_posttax_disP50p90 Share Posttax Dis | p0p10_share_posttax_natP0p10 Share Posttax Nat | p0p50_share_posttax_natP0p50 Share Posttax Nat | p10p20_share_posttax_natP10p20 Share Posttax Nat | p20p30_share_posttax_natP20p30 Share Posttax Nat | p30p40_share_posttax_natP30p40 Share Posttax Nat | p40p50_share_posttax_natP40p50 Share Posttax Nat | p50p60_share_posttax_natP50p60 Share Posttax Nat | p60p70_share_posttax_natP60p70 Share Posttax Nat | p70p80_share_posttax_natP70p80 Share Posttax Nat | p80p90_share_posttax_natP80p90 Share Posttax Nat | p90p100_share_posttax_natP90p100 Share Posttax Nat | p99_999p100_share_posttax_natP99–999p100 Share Posttax Nat | p99_99p100_share_posttax_natP99–99p100 Share Posttax Nat | p99_9p100_share_posttax_natP99–9p100 Share Posttax Nat | p99p100_share_posttax_natP99p100 Share Posttax Nat | p90p99_share_posttax_natP90p99 Share Posttax Nat | p50p90_share_posttax_natP50p90 Share Posttax Nat | p0p10_share_wealthP0p10 Share Wealth | p0p50_share_wealthP0p50 Share Wealth | p10p20_share_wealthP10p20 Share Wealth | p20p30_share_wealthP20p30 Share Wealth | p30p40_share_wealthP30p40 Share Wealth | p40p50_share_wealthP40p50 Share Wealth | p50p60_share_wealthP50p60 Share Wealth | p60p70_share_wealthP60p70 Share Wealth | p70p80_share_wealthP70p80 Share Wealth | p80p90_share_wealthP80p90 Share Wealth | p90p100_share_wealthP90p100 Share Wealth | p99_999p100_share_wealthP99–999p100 Share Wealth | p99_99p100_share_wealthP99–99p100 Share Wealth | p99_9p100_share_wealthP99–9p100 Share Wealth | p99p100_share_wealthP99p100 Share Wealth | p90p99_share_wealthP90p99 Share Wealth | p50p90_share_wealthP50p90 Share Wealth | p0p100_avg_pretaxP0p100 Avg Pretax | p0p10_avg_pretaxP0p10 Avg Pretax | p10p20_avg_pretaxP10p20 Avg Pretax | p20p30_avg_pretaxP20p30 Avg Pretax | p30p40_avg_pretaxP30p40 Avg Pretax | p40p50_avg_pretaxP40p50 Avg Pretax | p50p60_avg_pretaxP50p60 Avg Pretax | p60p70_avg_pretaxP60p70 Avg Pretax | p70p80_avg_pretaxP70p80 Avg Pretax | p80p90_avg_pretaxP80p90 Avg Pretax | p90p100_avg_pretaxP90p100 Avg Pretax | p99_999p100_avg_pretaxP99–999p100 Avg Pretax | p99_99p100_avg_pretaxP99–99p100 Avg Pretax | p99_9p100_avg_pretaxP99–9p100 Avg Pretax | p99p100_avg_pretaxP99p100 Avg Pretax | p0p100_avg_posttax_disP0p100 Avg Posttax Dis | p0p10_avg_posttax_disP0p10 Avg Posttax Dis | p10p20_avg_posttax_disP10p20 Avg Posttax Dis | p20p30_avg_posttax_disP20p30 Avg Posttax Dis | p30p40_avg_posttax_disP30p40 Avg Posttax Dis | p40p50_avg_posttax_disP40p50 Avg Posttax Dis | p50p60_avg_posttax_disP50p60 Avg Posttax Dis | p60p70_avg_posttax_disP60p70 Avg Posttax Dis | p70p80_avg_posttax_disP70p80 Avg Posttax Dis | p80p90_avg_posttax_disP80p90 Avg Posttax Dis | p90p100_avg_posttax_disP90p100 Avg Posttax Dis | p99_999p100_avg_posttax_disP99–999p100 Avg Posttax Dis | p99_99p100_avg_posttax_disP99–99p100 Avg Posttax Dis | p99_9p100_avg_posttax_disP99–9p100 Avg Posttax Dis | p99p100_avg_posttax_disP99p100 Avg Posttax Dis | p0p100_avg_posttax_natP0p100 Avg Posttax Nat | p0p10_avg_posttax_natP0p10 Avg Posttax Nat | p10p20_avg_posttax_natP10p20 Avg Posttax Nat | p20p30_avg_posttax_natP20p30 Avg Posttax Nat | p30p40_avg_posttax_natP30p40 Avg Posttax Nat | p40p50_avg_posttax_natP40p50 Avg Posttax Nat | p50p60_avg_posttax_natP50p60 Avg Posttax Nat | p60p70_avg_posttax_natP60p70 Avg Posttax Nat | p70p80_avg_posttax_natP70p80 Avg Posttax Nat | p80p90_avg_posttax_natP80p90 Avg Posttax Nat | p90p100_avg_posttax_natP90p100 Avg Posttax Nat | p99_999p100_avg_posttax_natP99–999p100 Avg Posttax Nat | p99_99p100_avg_posttax_natP99–99p100 Avg Posttax Nat | p99_9p100_avg_posttax_natP99–9p100 Avg Posttax Nat | p99p100_avg_posttax_natP99p100 Avg Posttax Nat | p0p100_avg_wealthP0p100 Avg Wealth | p0p10_avg_wealthP0p10 Avg Wealth | p10p20_avg_wealthP10p20 Avg Wealth | p20p30_avg_wealthP20p30 Avg Wealth | p30p40_avg_wealthP30p40 Avg Wealth | p40p50_avg_wealthP40p50 Avg Wealth | p50p60_avg_wealthP50p60 Avg Wealth | p60p70_avg_wealthP60p70 Avg Wealth | p70p80_avg_wealthP70p80 Avg Wealth | p80p90_avg_wealthP80p90 Avg Wealth | p90p100_avg_wealthP90p100 Avg Wealth | p99_999p100_avg_wealthP99–999p100 Avg Wealth | p99_99p100_avg_wealthP99–99p100 Avg Wealth | p99_9p100_avg_wealthP99–9p100 Avg Wealth | p99p100_avg_wealthP99p100 Avg Wealth | p0p10_thr_pretaxP0p10 Thr Pretax | p10p20_thr_pretaxP10p20 Thr Pretax | p20p30_thr_pretaxP20p30 Thr Pretax | p30p40_thr_pretaxP30p40 Thr Pretax | p40p50_thr_pretaxP40p50 Thr Pretax | p50p60_thr_pretaxP50p60 Thr Pretax | p60p70_thr_pretaxP60p70 Thr Pretax | p70p80_thr_pretaxP70p80 Thr Pretax | p80p90_thr_pretaxP80p90 Thr Pretax | p90p100_thr_pretaxP90p100 Thr Pretax | p99_999p100_thr_pretaxP99–999p100 Thr Pretax | p99_99p100_thr_pretaxP99–99p100 Thr Pretax | p99_9p100_thr_pretaxP99–9p100 Thr Pretax | p99p100_thr_pretaxP99p100 Thr Pretax | p0p10_thr_posttax_disP0p10 Thr Posttax Dis | p10p20_thr_posttax_disP10p20 Thr Posttax Dis | p20p30_thr_posttax_disP20p30 Thr Posttax Dis | p30p40_thr_posttax_disP30p40 Thr Posttax Dis | p40p50_thr_posttax_disP40p50 Thr Posttax Dis | p50p60_thr_posttax_disP50p60 Thr Posttax Dis | p60p70_thr_posttax_disP60p70 Thr Posttax Dis | p70p80_thr_posttax_disP70p80 Thr Posttax Dis | p80p90_thr_posttax_disP80p90 Thr Posttax Dis | p90p100_thr_posttax_disP90p100 Thr Posttax Dis | p99_999p100_thr_posttax_disP99–999p100 Thr Posttax Dis | p99_99p100_thr_posttax_disP99–99p100 Thr Posttax Dis | p99_9p100_thr_posttax_disP99–9p100 Thr Posttax Dis | p99p100_thr_posttax_disP99p100 Thr Posttax Dis | p0p10_thr_posttax_natP0p10 Thr Posttax Nat | p10p20_thr_posttax_natP10p20 Thr Posttax Nat | p20p30_thr_posttax_natP20p30 Thr Posttax Nat | p30p40_thr_posttax_natP30p40 Thr Posttax Nat | p40p50_thr_posttax_natP40p50 Thr Posttax Nat | p50p60_thr_posttax_natP50p60 Thr Posttax Nat | p60p70_thr_posttax_natP60p70 Thr Posttax Nat | p70p80_thr_posttax_natP70p80 Thr Posttax Nat | p80p90_thr_posttax_natP80p90 Thr Posttax Nat | p90p100_thr_posttax_natP90p100 Thr Posttax Nat | p99_999p100_thr_posttax_natP99–999p100 Thr Posttax Nat | p99_99p100_thr_posttax_natP99–99p100 Thr Posttax Nat | p99_9p100_thr_posttax_natP99–9p100 Thr Posttax Nat | p99p100_thr_posttax_natP99p100 Thr Posttax Nat | p0p10_thr_wealthP0p10 Thr Wealth | p10p20_thr_wealthP10p20 Thr Wealth | p20p30_thr_wealthP20p30 Thr Wealth | p30p40_thr_wealthP30p40 Thr Wealth | p40p50_thr_wealthP40p50 Thr Wealth | p50p60_thr_wealthP50p60 Thr Wealth | p60p70_thr_wealthP60p70 Thr Wealth | p70p80_thr_wealthP70p80 Thr Wealth | p80p90_thr_wealthP80p90 Thr Wealth | p90p100_thr_wealthP90p100 Thr Wealth | p99_999p100_thr_wealthP99–999p100 Thr Wealth | p99_99p100_thr_wealthP99–99p100 Thr Wealth | p99_9p100_thr_wealthP99–9p100 Thr Wealth | p99p100_thr_wealthP99p100 Thr Wealth | median_pretaxMedian Pretax | median_posttax_natMedian Posttax Nat | median_posttax_disMedian Posttax Dis | median_wealthMedian Wealth | p0p100_gini_pretax_extrapolatedP0p100 Gini Pretax Extrapolated | p0p100_gini_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP0p100 Gini Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p0p100_gini_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP0p100 Gini Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p0p100_gini_wealth_extrapolatedP0p100 Gini Wealth Extrapolated | palma_ratio_pretax_extrapolatedPalma Ratio Pretax Extrapolated | s80_s20_ratio_pretax_extrapolatedS80 S20 Ratio Pretax Extrapolated | p90_p10_ratio_pretax_extrapolatedP90 P10 Ratio Pretax Extrapolated | p90_p50_ratio_pretax_extrapolatedP90 P50 Ratio Pretax Extrapolated | p50_p10_ratio_pretax_extrapolatedP50 P10 Ratio Pretax Extrapolated | palma_ratio_posttax_dis_extrapolatedPalma Ratio Posttax Dis Extrapolated | s80_s20_ratio_posttax_dis_extrapolatedS80 S20 Ratio Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p90_p10_ratio_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP90 P10 Ratio Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p90_p50_ratio_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP90 P50 Ratio Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p50_p10_ratio_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP50 P10 Ratio Posttax Dis Extrapolated | palma_ratio_posttax_nat_extrapolatedPalma Ratio Posttax Nat Extrapolated | s80_s20_ratio_posttax_nat_extrapolatedS80 S20 Ratio Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p90_p10_ratio_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP90 P10 Ratio Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p90_p50_ratio_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP90 P50 Ratio Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p50_p10_ratio_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP50 P10 Ratio Posttax Nat Extrapolated | palma_ratio_wealth_extrapolatedPalma Ratio Wealth Extrapolated | s80_s20_ratio_wealth_extrapolatedS80 S20 Ratio Wealth Extrapolated | p90_p10_ratio_wealth_extrapolatedP90 P10 Ratio Wealth Extrapolated | p90_p50_ratio_wealth_extrapolatedP90 P50 Ratio Wealth Extrapolated | p50_p10_ratio_wealth_extrapolatedP50 P10 Ratio Wealth Extrapolated | p0p10_share_pretax_extrapolatedP0p10 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p0p50_share_pretax_extrapolatedP0p50 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p10p20_share_pretax_extrapolatedP10p20 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p20p30_share_pretax_extrapolatedP20p30 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p30p40_share_pretax_extrapolatedP30p40 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p40p50_share_pretax_extrapolatedP40p50 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p50p60_share_pretax_extrapolatedP50p60 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p60p70_share_pretax_extrapolatedP60p70 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p70p80_share_pretax_extrapolatedP70p80 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p80p90_share_pretax_extrapolatedP80p90 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p90p100_share_pretax_extrapolatedP90p100 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p99_999p100_share_pretax_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p99_99p100_share_pretax_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p99_9p100_share_pretax_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p99p100_share_pretax_extrapolatedP99p100 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p90p99_share_pretax_extrapolatedP90p99 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p50p90_share_pretax_extrapolatedP50p90 Share Pretax Extrapolated | p0p10_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP0p10 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p0p50_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP0p50 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p10p20_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP10p20 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p20p30_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP20p30 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p30p40_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP30p40 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p40p50_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP40p50 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p50p60_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP50p60 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p60p70_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP60p70 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p70p80_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP70p80 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p80p90_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP80p90 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p90p100_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP90p100 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_999p100_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_99p100_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_9p100_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99p100_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99p100 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p90p99_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP90p99 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p50p90_share_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP50p90 Share Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p0p10_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP0p10 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p0p50_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP0p50 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p10p20_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP10p20 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p20p30_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP20p30 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p30p40_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP30p40 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p40p50_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP40p50 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p50p60_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP50p60 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p60p70_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP60p70 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p70p80_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP70p80 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p80p90_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP80p90 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p90p100_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP90p100 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_999p100_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_99p100_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_9p100_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99p100_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99p100 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p90p99_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP90p99 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p50p90_share_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP50p90 Share Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p0p10_share_wealth_extrapolatedP0p10 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p0p50_share_wealth_extrapolatedP0p50 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p10p20_share_wealth_extrapolatedP10p20 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p20p30_share_wealth_extrapolatedP20p30 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p30p40_share_wealth_extrapolatedP30p40 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p40p50_share_wealth_extrapolatedP40p50 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p50p60_share_wealth_extrapolatedP50p60 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p60p70_share_wealth_extrapolatedP60p70 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p70p80_share_wealth_extrapolatedP70p80 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p80p90_share_wealth_extrapolatedP80p90 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p90p100_share_wealth_extrapolatedP90p100 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p99_999p100_share_wealth_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p99_99p100_share_wealth_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p99_9p100_share_wealth_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p99p100_share_wealth_extrapolatedP99p100 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p90p99_share_wealth_extrapolatedP90p99 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p50p90_share_wealth_extrapolatedP50p90 Share Wealth Extrapolated | p0p100_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP0p100 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p0p10_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP0p10 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p10p20_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP10p20 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p20p30_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP20p30 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p30p40_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP30p40 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p40p50_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP40p50 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p50p60_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP50p60 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p60p70_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP60p70 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p70p80_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP70p80 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p80p90_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP80p90 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p90p100_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP90p100 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p99_999p100_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p99_99p100_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p99_9p100_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p99p100_avg_pretax_extrapolatedP99p100 Avg Pretax Extrapolated | p0p100_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP0p100 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p0p10_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP0p10 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p10p20_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP10p20 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p20p30_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP20p30 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p30p40_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP30p40 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p40p50_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP40p50 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p50p60_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP50p60 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p60p70_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP60p70 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p70p80_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP70p80 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p80p90_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP80p90 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p90p100_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP90p100 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_999p100_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_99p100_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_9p100_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99p100_avg_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99p100 Avg Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p0p100_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP0p100 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p0p10_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP0p10 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p10p20_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP10p20 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p20p30_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP20p30 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p30p40_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP30p40 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p40p50_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP40p50 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p50p60_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP50p60 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p60p70_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP60p70 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p70p80_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP70p80 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p80p90_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP80p90 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p90p100_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP90p100 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_999p100_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_99p100_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_9p100_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99p100_avg_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99p100 Avg Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p0p100_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP0p100 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p0p10_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP0p10 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p10p20_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP10p20 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p20p30_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP20p30 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p30p40_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP30p40 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p40p50_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP40p50 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p50p60_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP50p60 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p60p70_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP60p70 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p70p80_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP70p80 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p80p90_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP80p90 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p90p100_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP90p100 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p99_999p100_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p99_99p100_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p99_9p100_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p99p100_avg_wealth_extrapolatedP99p100 Avg Wealth Extrapolated | p0p10_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP0p10 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p10p20_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP10p20 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p20p30_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP20p30 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p30p40_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP30p40 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p40p50_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP40p50 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p50p60_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP50p60 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p60p70_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP60p70 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p70p80_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP70p80 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p80p90_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP80p90 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p90p100_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP90p100 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p99_999p100_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p99_99p100_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p99_9p100_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p99p100_thr_pretax_extrapolatedP99p100 Thr Pretax Extrapolated | p0p10_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP0p10 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p10p20_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP10p20 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p20p30_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP20p30 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p30p40_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP30p40 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p40p50_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP40p50 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p50p60_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP50p60 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p60p70_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP60p70 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p70p80_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP70p80 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p80p90_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP80p90 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p90p100_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP90p100 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_999p100_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_99p100_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99_9p100_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p99p100_thr_posttax_dis_extrapolatedP99p100 Thr Posttax Dis Extrapolated | p0p10_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP0p10 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p10p20_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP10p20 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p20p30_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP20p30 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p30p40_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP30p40 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p40p50_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP40p50 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p50p60_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP50p60 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p60p70_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP60p70 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p70p80_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP70p80 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p80p90_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP80p90 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p90p100_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP90p100 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_999p100_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_99p100_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99_9p100_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p99p100_thr_posttax_nat_extrapolatedP99p100 Thr Posttax Nat Extrapolated | p0p10_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP0p10 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p10p20_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP10p20 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p20p30_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP20p30 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p30p40_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP30p40 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p40p50_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP40p50 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p50p60_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP50p60 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p60p70_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP60p70 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p70p80_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP70p80 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p80p90_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP80p90 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p90p100_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP90p100 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p99_999p100_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP99–999p100 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p99_99p100_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP99–99p100 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p99_9p100_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP99–9p100 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | p99p100_thr_wealth_extrapolatedP99p100 Thr Wealth Extrapolated | median_pretax_extrapolatedMedian Pretax Extrapolated | median_posttax_nat_extrapolatedMedian Posttax Nat Extrapolated | median_posttax_dis_extrapolatedMedian Posttax Dis Extrapolated | median_wealth_extrapolatedMedian Wealth Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_40_median_pretaxHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Pretax | headcount_ratio_50_median_pretaxHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Pretax | headcount_ratio_60_median_pretaxHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Pretax | headcount_ratio_40_median_pretax_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Pretax Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_50_median_pretax_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Pretax Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_60_median_pretax_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Pretax Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_40_median_posttax_natHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Posttax Nat | headcount_ratio_50_median_posttax_natHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Posttax Nat | headcount_ratio_60_median_posttax_natHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Posttax Nat | headcount_ratio_40_median_posttax_nat_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Posttax Nat Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_50_median_posttax_nat_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Posttax Nat Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_60_median_posttax_nat_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Posttax Nat Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_40_median_posttax_disHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Posttax Dis | headcount_ratio_50_median_posttax_disHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Posttax Dis | headcount_ratio_60_median_posttax_disHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Posttax Dis | headcount_ratio_40_median_posttax_dis_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Posttax Dis Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_50_median_posttax_dis_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Posttax Dis Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_60_median_posttax_dis_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Posttax Dis Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_40_median_wealthHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Wealth | headcount_ratio_50_median_wealthHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Wealth | headcount_ratio_60_median_wealthHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Wealth | headcount_ratio_40_median_wealth_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 40 Median Wealth Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_50_median_wealth_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 50 Median Wealth Extrapolated | headcount_ratio_60_median_wealth_extrapolatedHeadcount Ratio 60 Median Wealth Extrapolated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 1980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1981 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1982 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1983 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1985 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1986 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afghanistan | 1989 |
CREATE TABLE owid_world_inequality_database_1 (
"country" VARCHAR,
"year" INTEGER,
"p0p100_gini_pretax" FLOAT,
"p0p100_gini_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p0p100_gini_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p0p100_gini_wealth" FLOAT,
"palma_ratio_pretax" FLOAT,
"s80_s20_ratio_pretax" FLOAT,
"p90_p10_ratio_pretax" FLOAT,
"p90_p50_ratio_pretax" FLOAT,
"p50_p10_ratio_pretax" FLOAT,
"palma_ratio_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"s80_s20_ratio_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p90_p10_ratio_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p90_p50_ratio_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p50_p10_ratio_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"palma_ratio_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"s80_s20_ratio_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p90_p10_ratio_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p90_p50_ratio_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p50_p10_ratio_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"palma_ratio_wealth" FLOAT,
"s80_s20_ratio_wealth" FLOAT,
"p90_p10_ratio_wealth" FLOAT,
"p90_p50_ratio_wealth" FLOAT,
"p50_p10_ratio_wealth" FLOAT,
"p0p10_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p0p50_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p10p20_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p20p30_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p30p40_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p40p50_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p50p60_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p60p70_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p70p80_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p80p90_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p90p100_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p99_999p100_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p99_99p100_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p99_9p100_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p99p100_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p90p99_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p50p90_share_pretax" FLOAT,
"p0p10_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p0p50_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p10p20_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p20p30_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p30p40_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p40p50_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p50p60_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p60p70_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p70p80_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p80p90_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p90p100_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p99_999p100_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p99_99p100_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p99_9p100_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p99p100_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p90p99_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p50p90_share_posttax_dis" FLOAT,
"p0p10_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p0p50_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p10p20_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p20p30_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p30p40_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p40p50_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p50p60_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p60p70_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p70p80_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p80p90_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p90p100_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p99_999p100_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p99_99p100_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p99_9p100_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p99p100_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p90p99_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p50p90_share_posttax_nat" FLOAT,
"p0p10_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p0p50_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p10p20_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p20p30_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p30p40_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p40p50_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p50p60_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p60p70_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p70p80_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p80p90_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p90p100_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p99_999p100_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p99_99p100_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p99_9p100_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p99p100_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p90p99_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p50p90_share_wealth" FLOAT,
"p0p100_avg_pretax" FLOAT,
"p0p10_avg_pretax" FLOAT,
"p10p20_avg_pretax" FLOAT,
"p20p30_avg_pretax" FLOAT,
"p30p40_avg_pretax" FLOAT,
"p40p50_avg_pretax" FLOAT
);
Anyone who has the link will be able to view this.