Ukraine: Who Does What, Where (3W/5W)

this graph was created in unhcr :

The war in Ukraine, which began with the Russian Federation's large-scale invasion in February 2022, has created Europe’s largest and fastest-growing displacement crisis since World War II. This conflict has forced millions of Ukrainians to flee their homes, either escaping into nearby countries or relocating within Ukraine itself. In response, there has been an impressive, collective effort from national and local authorities, civil society groups, volunteers, and even the refugees themselves to meet the needs of those fleeing violence, ensuring protection and essential services.

Now, nearly two years into the crisis, these refugee support efforts remain crucial in host countries and show signs of long-term support. Host governments are increasingly committed to integrating refugees into their communities, with a focus on socio-economic inclusion to help Ukrainians rebuild their lives.

While the largest wave of displacement happened in the initial months of the invasion, Ukrainians continue to move back and forth across borders. Some are still fleeing the ongoing conflict, while others make short visits to Ukraine or even return more permanently. This mobility creates a complex pattern of movement that governments and aid organizations track closely to adjust their support strategies.

In the third year of this crisis, host countries face the challenge of balancing short-term and longer-term refugee needs. To help, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has recommended that host countries remain flexible with refugees who visit Ukraine for short periods, encouraging states to allow them to retain their legal status abroad. For those staying in Ukraine longer, UNHCR suggests a temporary pause in refugee status rather than permanent withdrawal, so they can easily regain protection if they need to leave Ukraine again.

This approach helps refugees make informed choices about returning when the situation allows and reduces unnecessary administrative hurdles, providing a more supportive environment for Ukrainians as they face an uncertain future.