Child Labor Serious Issue

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Children work for various reasons, including economic necessity, cultural expectations, and lack of access to education. They can be found working in various industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, domestic service, and mining. Child labor has evolved over time due to changes in laws, social attitudes, and economic conditions. Initially prevalent during the Industrial Revolution, child labor laws and advocacy efforts have led to a decline in its prevalence in many parts of the world. However, it still persists in some regions due to poverty and inadequate enforcement of labor laws.

The International Labour Organisation states in its 2013 World Report on Child Labour that there were around 265 million working children in the world—almost 17 per cent of the worldwide child population. According to the publicly available data discussed in more detail below, Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where child labor is most prevalent.

While absolute numbers are still high, particularly in those countries with the lowest standards of living, from a historical viewpoint there are concrete examples of countries that managed to virtually eliminate widespread child labor in the course of a century. The United Kingdom is a case in point. In terms of recent developments, global trends show a significant reduction in child labor over the last couple of decades. However, there is wide dispersion in the progress that different countries have achieved.

Long-run history of child labor in today's rich countries
Historical studies suggest that child work was widespread in Europe and North America in the 19th century, but declined very rapidly at the turn of the 20th century. The available historical evidence seems consistent with the fact that industrialisation in Western countries initially increased the demand for child labor, but then eventually contributed towards its elimination.1

The visualizations show the share of children in employment for the UK and the United States at the turn of the 20th century. For the US chart you can add data on rural versus urban child labor trends: for both boys and girls, the incidence of child labor was higher in rural populations.