Baselight

Sigfox And LoRaWAN Localization Tool

Evaluating Fingerprinting Localization Algorithms in Large Outdoor Areas

@kaggle.thedevastator_sigfox_and_lorawan_localization_tool

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About this Dataset

Sigfox And LoRaWAN Localization Tool


Sigfox and LoRaWAN Localization Tool

Evaluating Fingerprinting Localization Algorithms in Large Outdoor Areas

By [source]


About this dataset

This dataset offers a powerful benchmark to evaluate the performance and accuracy of finger printing localization algorithms in a range of outdoor environments. Featuring 130,430 LoRaWAN messages collected in the city center of Antwerp, 14,378 Sigfox messages recorded in Antwerp city center and 25,638 Sigfox messages collected between Antwerp and Ghent rural regions. The data is presented as an extensive collection of metadata including receiving time stamps, base station identifiers and Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI). To offer different perspectives on analysis possibilities this dataset also features Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for all signals along with Estimated Signal Power (ESP) metrics. In addition to that the coordinates for all LoRaWAN gateways in Antwerp are pinned within the data set opening up potential opportunities for cross comparison between urban and rural environments. Analyzing this data will provide details on current testing practices for fingerprinting algorithms allowing further insight into how robust these methods can be across diverse conditions ranging from metropolitan city centers to rural areas. This invaluable benchmark will ultimately enable researchers to improve their existing system models while comparing the performance results from both Sigfox and LoRaWAN networks!

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How to use the dataset

  • Download the dataset from kaggle to get started.
  • Examine the data to better understand what is included in the set and how it is formatted. The dataset contains signal strength of BS 1-BS 84, RX Time, SF (Spreading Factor), HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) as well as Latitude and Longitude information for each location.
  • Data preparation is a necessary process prior to more extensive analysis of these data sets. This involves cleaning data by removing irrelevant variables that are not suitable for use in modeling or further processing, normalizing values so they can be used in comparison and sorting out any potential errors or inconsistencies that may exist in the data sets before getting started with your analysis.
  • Define measurable objectives that you would want to determine or learn from this dataset such as developing a model which accurately predicts locations associated with signals strengths collected across various Signal frequencies (SFs).
  • Decide on an evaluation strategy such as using Mean-Squared Error (MSE) to measure performance of predicted hypothesized locations compared against observed longitudes/latitudes provided within this dataset before proceeding ahead into actual analysis phase
    6 In order to make best use of the given datasets here, it would be beneficial to apply separate algorithms separately onto them depending on their types - Regression algorithms should be used onto numerical variables like SF & HDOP while Classification models should employed onto categorical variables like BS 1- BS 84 . Find out about different Machine Learning techniques applied suitable for respective variable types and finalize an algorithm application list before moving onto implementation phase!
    7 Once algorithms have been applied, validation checks need be done test the accuracy performance against objective within established criteria period - once satisfied results can now safely interpreted accordingly towards decisions making exercise!

Research Ideas

  • Comparing the performance of Sigfox and LoRaWAN networks in urban and rural environments to prioritize the most cost effective network for a given location.
  • Analyzing the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of each received base station signal to evaluate the accuracy of fingerprinting localization algorithms in different types of large outdoor areas with various environmental features.
  • Utilizingthe Estimated Signal Power (ESP) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) columns to further analyze how strength or noise affect signal integrity, thus maximizing accuracy when conducting finger printing localization testing in outdoor conditions

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors.
Data Source

License

License: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication
No Copyright - You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. See Other Information.

Columns

File: sigfox_dataset_antwerp.csv

Column name Description
'BS 1' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 1. (Integer)
'BS 2' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 2. (Integer)
'BS 3' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 3. (Integer)
'BS 4' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 4. (Integer)
'BS 5' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 5. (Integer)
'BS 6' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 6. (Integer)
'BS 7' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 7. (Integer)
'BS 8' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 8. (Integer)
'BS 9' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 9. (Integer)
'BS 10' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 10. (Integer)
'BS 11' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 11. (Integer)
'BS 12' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 12. (Integer)
'BS 13' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 13. (Integer)
'BS 14' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 14. (Integer)
'BS 15' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 15. (Integer)
'BS 16' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 16. (Integer)
'BS 17' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 17. (Integer)
'BS 18' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 18. (Integer)
'BS 19' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 19. (Integer)
'BS 21' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 21. (Integer)
'BS 22' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 22. (Integer)
'BS 23' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 23. (Integer)
'BS 24' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 24. (Integer)
'BS 25' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 25. (Integer)
'BS 26' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 26. (Integer)
'BS 27' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 27. (Integer)
'BS 28' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 28. (Integer)
'BS 29' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 29. (Integer)
'BS 30' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 30. (Integer)
'BS 31' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 31. (Integer)
'BS 32' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 32. (Integer)
'BS 33' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 33. (Integer)
'BS 34' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 34. (Integer)
'BS 35' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 35. (Integer)
'BS 36' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 36. (Integer)
'BS 37' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 37. (Integer)
'BS 38' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 38. (Integer)
'BS 39' Received Signal
'BS 41' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 41. (Integer)
'BS 42' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 42. (Integer)
'BS 43' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 43. (Integer)
'BS 44' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 44. (Integer)
'BS 45' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 45. (Integer)
'BS 46' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 46. (Integer)
'BS 47' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 47. (Integer)
'BS 48' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 48. (Integer)
'BS 49' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 49. (Integer)
'BS 50' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 50. (Integer)
'BS 51' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 51. (Integer)
'BS 52' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 52. (Integer)
'BS 53' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 53. (Integer)
'BS 54' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 54. (Integer)
'BS 55' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 55. (Integer)
'BS 56' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 56. (Integer)
'BS 57' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 57. (Integer)
'BS 58' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 58. (Integer)
'BS 59' Received Signal
'BS 61' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 61. (Integer)
'BS 62' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 62. (Integer)
'BS 63' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 63. (Integer)
'BS 64' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 64. (Integer)
'BS 65' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 65. (Integer)
'BS 66' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 66. (Integer)
'BS 67' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 67. (Integer)
'BS 68' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 68. (Integer)
'BS 69' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 69. (Integer)
'BS 70' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 70. (Integer)
'BS 71' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 71. (Integer)
'BS 72' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 72. (Integer)
'BS 73' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 73. (Integer)
'BS 74' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 74. (Integer)
'BS 75' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 75. (Integer)
'BS 76' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 76. (Integer)
'BS 77' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 77. (Integer)
'BS 78' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 78. (Integer)
'BS 79' Received Signal
'BS 81' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 81. (Integer)
'BS 82' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 82. (Integer)
'BS 83' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 83. (Integer)
'BS 84' Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 84. (Integer)
'RX Time' Time of message reception. (DateTime)
'Latitude' Latitude coordinate of the LoRaWAN gateway. (Float)
'Longitude' Longitude coordinate of the LoRaWAN gateway. (Float)

File: lorawan_antwerp_2019_dataset.csv

Column name Description
BS 1 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 1. (Integer)
BS 2 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 2. (Integer)
BS 3 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 3. (Integer)
BS 4 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 4. (Integer)
BS 5 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 5. (Integer)
BS 6 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 6. (Integer)
BS 7 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 7. (Integer)
BS 8 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 8. (Integer)
BS 9 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 9. (Integer)
BS 10 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 10. (Integer)
BS 11 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 11. (Integer)
BS 12 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 12. (Integer)
BS 13 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 13. (Integer)
BS 14 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 14. (Integer)
BS 15 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 15. (Integer)
BS 16 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 16. (Integer)
BS 17 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 17. (Integer)
BS 18 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 18. (Integer)
BS 19 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for Base Station 19. (Integer)
BS 20 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors.
If you use this dataset in your research, please credit .

Tables

Lorawan Antwerp 2019 Dataset

@kaggle.thedevastator_sigfox_and_lorawan_localization_tool.lorawan_antwerp_2019_dataset
  • 4.05 MB
  • 130429 rows
  • 77 columns
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CREATE TABLE lorawan_antwerp_2019_dataset (
  "bs_1" BIGINT,
  "bs_2" BIGINT,
  "bs_3" BIGINT,
  "bs_4" BIGINT,
  "bs_5" BIGINT,
  "bs_6" BIGINT,
  "bs_7" BIGINT,
  "bs_8" BIGINT,
  "bs_9" BIGINT,
  "bs_10" BIGINT,
  "bs_11" BIGINT,
  "bs_12" BIGINT,
  "bs_13" BIGINT,
  "bs_14" BIGINT,
  "bs_15" BIGINT,
  "bs_16" BIGINT,
  "bs_17" BIGINT,
  "bs_18" BIGINT,
  "bs_19" BIGINT,
  "bs_20" BIGINT,
  "bs_21" BIGINT,
  "bs_22" BIGINT,
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  "bs_25" BIGINT,
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  "bs_27" BIGINT,
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  "bs_34" BIGINT,
  "bs_35" BIGINT,
  "bs_36" BIGINT,
  "bs_37" BIGINT,
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  "bs_39" BIGINT,
  "bs_40" BIGINT,
  "bs_41" BIGINT,
  "bs_42" BIGINT,
  "bs_43" BIGINT,
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  "bs_50" BIGINT,
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  "bs_65" BIGINT,
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  "bs_67" BIGINT,
  "bs_68" BIGINT,
  "bs_69" BIGINT,
  "bs_70" BIGINT,
  "bs_71" BIGINT,
  "bs_72" BIGINT,
  "rx_time" VARCHAR,
  "sf" BIGINT,
  "hdop" DOUBLE,
  "latitude" DOUBLE,
  "longitude" DOUBLE
);

Sigfox Bs Mapping

@kaggle.thedevastator_sigfox_and_lorawan_localization_tool.sigfox_bs_mapping
  • 3.09 KB
  • 66 rows
  • 2 columns
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CREATE TABLE sigfox_bs_mapping (
  "sigfox_antwerp_bs_id" BIGINT,
  "matching_sigfox_rural_bs_id" BIGINT
);

Sigfox Dataset Antwerp

@kaggle.thedevastator_sigfox_and_lorawan_localization_tool.sigfox_dataset_antwerp
  • 823.99 KB
  • 14377 rows
  • 87 columns
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CREATE TABLE sigfox_dataset_antwerp (
  "n__bs_1" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_2" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_3" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_4" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_5" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_6" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_7" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_8" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_9" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_11" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_14" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_18" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_19" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_51" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_54" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_55" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_56" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_60" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_61" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_63" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_66" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_75" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_76" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_78" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_80" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_81" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_82" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_83" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_84" BIGINT,
  "n__rx_time" VARCHAR,
  "n__latitude" DOUBLE,
  "n__longitude" DOUBLE
);

Sigfox Dataset Rural

@kaggle.thedevastator_sigfox_and_lorawan_localization_tool.sigfox_dataset_rural
  • 1011.08 KB
  • 25637 rows
  • 140 columns
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CREATE TABLE sigfox_dataset_rural (
  "n__bs_1" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_2" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_3" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_4" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_5" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_6" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_7" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_8" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_9" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_10" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_11" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_12" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_13" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_14" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_15" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_16" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_18" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_19" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_20" BIGINT,
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  "n__bs_98" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_99" BIGINT,
  "n__bs_100" BIGINT
);

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