Vegetation and Climate data for Protected Areas Egypt

📊 Dataset Description

The Vegetation and Climate dataset has been collected from Google Earth Engine (GEE) covering the period 1983–2025.

Vegetation features (ndvi_mean, savi, evi, vegetation) are derived from multiple satellite sensors, including Landsat 4, 5, 7, and 8.
Climate features (all remaining variables) are obtained from the ERA5, which combines numerical weather models with observational data to provide consistent historical climate estimates.

This dataset focuses on vegetation dynamics and climate variability across protected areas in Egypt.

🌱 Vegetation (Google Earth Engine – Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8) & ☁️ Climate Features (ERA5)

📊 Feature Description Table

Feature Name	Category	Description
`ndvi_mean`	Vegetation	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) representing vegetation greenness and health. Values range from −1 to +1, where higher values indicate denser and healthier vegetation.
`savi`	Vegetation	Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) that minimizes soil brightness effects, especially useful in sparsely vegetated and arid regions.
`evi`	Vegetation	Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) designed to improve sensitivity in high-biomass areas and reduce atmospheric and canopy background noise.
`vegetation`	Vegetation	General vegetation indicator representing vegetation presence and condition derived from spectral information and vegetation indices.
`day_count`	Temporal	Sequential day index used to organize and aggregate daily climate observations.
`temperature_2m`	Climate	Air temperature measured at 2 meters above ground level, representing near-surface atmospheric conditions.
`total_precipitation_sum`	Climate	Total accumulated daily precipitation, including rainfall and other forms reaching the surface.
`u_component_of_wind_10m`	Climate	East–west (zonal) component of wind speed at 10 meters above the surface. Positive values indicate eastward wind flow.
`v_component_of_wind_10m`	Climate	North–south (meridional) component of wind speed at 10 meters above the surface. Positive values indicate northward wind flow.
`surface_pressure`	Climate	Atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface, representing the weight of the air column above the ground.
`dewpoint_temperature_2m`	Climate	Dew point temperature at 2 meters above ground, indicating atmospheric moisture and humidity conditions.
`runoff_sum`	Hydrology	Total daily runoff, representing water flowing over land and through soil toward rivers and water bodies.
`skin_temperature`	Climate	Temperature of the Earth’s surface (land or water), reflecting surface heating and cooling processes.
`soil_temperature_level_1`	Soil	Soil temperature at the shallowest soil layer, influencing surface processes and root activity.
`soil_temperature_level_2`	Soil	Soil temperature at a moderate depth below the surface.
`soil_temperature_level_3`	Soil	Soil temperature at a deeper soil layer, reflecting longer-term subsurface thermal conditions.
`soil_temperature_level_4`	Soil	Soil temperature at the deepest measured soil layer.
`sub_surface_runoff_sum`	Hydrology	Accumulated daily subsurface runoff representing water movement through deeper soil layers.
`surface_runoff_sum`	Hydrology	Accumulated daily surface runoff generated when precipitation exceeds soil infiltration capacity.
`surface_solar_radiation_downwards_sum`	Climate	Total incoming solar radiation reaching the surface over a day, driving photosynthesis and surface energy balance.
`total_evaporation_sum`	Climate	Total evaporation from soil, vegetation canopy, and water surfaces over the day.
`volumetric_soil_water_layer_1`	Soil Moisture	Volumetric soil water content in the upper soil layer, indicating near-surface moisture availability.
`volumetric_soil_water_layer_2`	Soil Moisture	Volumetric soil water content in the second soil layer at intermediate depth.
`volumetric_soil_water_layer_3`	Soil Moisture	Volumetric soil water content in a deeper soil layer, important for long-term vegetation water supply.
`volumetric_soil_water_layer_4`	Soil Moisture	Volumetric soil water content in the deepest measured soil layer, reflecting deep soil moisture conditions.

🏞️ Subjects (Protected Areas)

Each record corresponds to one of the following protected areas in Egypt:

ID	Protected Area Name
0	محمية اشتوم الجميل
1	محمية البرلس
2	محمية الجزر الشمالية للبحر الأحمر
3	محمية الجلف الكبير
4	محمية الدبابية
5	محمية الزرانيق
6	محمية الصحراء البيضاء
7	محمية العميد
8	محمية الغابة المتحجرة
9	محمية الواحات البحرية – الجزء الشرقي (الصحراء السوداء)
10	محمية الواحات البحرية – الجزء الغربي (الدست والمغرفة)
11	محمية الواحات البحرية – الجزء الوسطي (جبل منديشة / جبل الإنجليز)
12	محمية رأس محمد
13	محمية سالوجا وغزال
14	محمية سانت كاثرين
15	محمية سيوة – القطاع الأوسط الجنوبي
16	محمية سيوة – القطاع الغربي
17	محمية سيوة – القطاع الشرقي
18	محمية طابا
19	محمية علبة
20	محمية قارون
21	محمية قبة الحسنة
22	محمية كهف سنور
23	محمية نبق
24	محمية نيزك جبل كامل
25	محمية وادي الأسيوطي
26	محمية وادي الجمال
27	محمية وادي الريان
28	محمية وادي العلاقي
29	محمية وادي دجلة
30	محمية أبو جالوم

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