Vegetation and Climate data for Protected Areas Egypt
Dataset Description
📊 Dataset Description
The Vegetation and Climate dataset has been collected from Google Earth Engine (GEE) covering the period 1983–2025.
- Vegetation features (
ndvi_mean,savi,evi,vegetation) are derived from multiple satellite sensors, including Landsat 4, 5, 7, and 8. - Climate features (all remaining variables) are obtained from the ERA5, which combines numerical weather models with observational data to provide consistent historical climate estimates.
This dataset focuses on vegetation dynamics and climate variability across protected areas in Egypt.
🌱 Vegetation (Google Earth Engine – Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8) & ☁️ Climate Features (ERA5)
📊 Feature Description Table
| Feature Name | Category | Description |
|---|---|---|
ndvi_mean |
Vegetation | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) representing vegetation greenness and health. Values range from −1 to +1, where higher values indicate denser and healthier vegetation. |
savi |
Vegetation | Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) that minimizes soil brightness effects, especially useful in sparsely vegetated and arid regions. |
evi |
Vegetation | Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) designed to improve sensitivity in high-biomass areas and reduce atmospheric and canopy background noise. |
vegetation |
Vegetation | General vegetation indicator representing vegetation presence and condition derived from spectral information and vegetation indices. |
day_count |
Temporal | Sequential day index used to organize and aggregate daily climate observations. |
temperature_2m |
Climate | Air temperature measured at 2 meters above ground level, representing near-surface atmospheric conditions. |
total_precipitation_sum |
Climate | Total accumulated daily precipitation, including rainfall and other forms reaching the surface. |
u_component_of_wind_10m |
Climate | East–west (zonal) component of wind speed at 10 meters above the surface. Positive values indicate eastward wind flow. |
v_component_of_wind_10m |
Climate | North–south (meridional) component of wind speed at 10 meters above the surface. Positive values indicate northward wind flow. |
surface_pressure |
Climate | Atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface, representing the weight of the air column above the ground. |
dewpoint_temperature_2m |
Climate | Dew point temperature at 2 meters above ground, indicating atmospheric moisture and humidity conditions. |
runoff_sum |
Hydrology | Total daily runoff, representing water flowing over land and through soil toward rivers and water bodies. |
skin_temperature |
Climate | Temperature of the Earth’s surface (land or water), reflecting surface heating and cooling processes. |
soil_temperature_level_1 |
Soil | Soil temperature at the shallowest soil layer, influencing surface processes and root activity. |
soil_temperature_level_2 |
Soil | Soil temperature at a moderate depth below the surface. |
soil_temperature_level_3 |
Soil | Soil temperature at a deeper soil layer, reflecting longer-term subsurface thermal conditions. |
soil_temperature_level_4 |
Soil | Soil temperature at the deepest measured soil layer. |
sub_surface_runoff_sum |
Hydrology | Accumulated daily subsurface runoff representing water movement through deeper soil layers. |
surface_runoff_sum |
Hydrology | Accumulated daily surface runoff generated when precipitation exceeds soil infiltration capacity. |
surface_solar_radiation_downwards_sum |
Climate | Total incoming solar radiation reaching the surface over a day, driving photosynthesis and surface energy balance. |
total_evaporation_sum |
Climate | Total evaporation from soil, vegetation canopy, and water surfaces over the day. |
volumetric_soil_water_layer_1 |
Soil Moisture | Volumetric soil water content in the upper soil layer, indicating near-surface moisture availability. |
volumetric_soil_water_layer_2 |
Soil Moisture | Volumetric soil water content in the second soil layer at intermediate depth. |
volumetric_soil_water_layer_3 |
Soil Moisture | Volumetric soil water content in a deeper soil layer, important for long-term vegetation water supply. |
volumetric_soil_water_layer_4 |
Soil Moisture | Volumetric soil water content in the deepest measured soil layer, reflecting deep soil moisture conditions. |
🏞️ Subjects (Protected Areas)
Each record corresponds to one of the following protected areas in Egypt:
| ID | Protected Area Name |
|---|---|
| 0 | محمية اشتوم الجميل |
| 1 | محمية البرلس |
| 2 | محمية الجزر الشمالية للبحر الأحمر |
| 3 | محمية الجلف الكبير |
| 4 | محمية الدبابية |
| 5 | محمية الزرانيق |
| 6 | محمية الصحراء البيضاء |
| 7 | محمية العميد |
| 8 | محمية الغابة المتحجرة |
| 9 | محمية الواحات البحرية – الجزء الشرقي (الصحراء السوداء) |
| 10 | محمية الواحات البحرية – الجزء الغربي (الدست والمغرفة) |
| 11 | محمية الواحات البحرية – الجزء الوسطي (جبل منديشة / جبل الإنجليز) |
| 12 | محمية رأس محمد |
| 13 | محمية سالوجا وغزال |
| 14 | محمية سانت كاثرين |
| 15 | محمية سيوة – القطاع الأوسط الجنوبي |
| 16 | محمية سيوة – القطاع الغربي |
| 17 | محمية سيوة – القطاع الشرقي |
| 18 | محمية طابا |
| 19 | محمية علبة |
| 20 | محمية قارون |
| 21 | محمية قبة الحسنة |
| 22 | محمية كهف سنور |
| 23 | محمية نبق |
| 24 | محمية نيزك جبل كامل |
| 25 | محمية وادي الأسيوطي |
| 26 | محمية وادي الجمال |
| 27 | محمية وادي الريان |
| 28 | محمية وادي العلاقي |
| 29 | محمية وادي دجلة |
| 30 | محمية أبو جالوم |
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