The methodology used to compute the trade weights on which the ECB nominal and real effective exchange rates (EERs) are based is described in detail in the paper: The ECB’s enhanced effective exchange rates and harmonised competitiveness indicators.
 
For further information, refer to the methodological details available on the ECB website:
 
Euro foreign exchange reference rates
 
Nominal effective exchange rate
 
Harmonised competitiveness indicators
Publisher name: European Central Bank
Publisher URL: https://www.ecb.europa.eu
Last updated: 2025-07-04T05:15:01Z