About this Dataset

Turfgrass Soil Carbon Change Through Time: Raw Data And Code

Data Description Managed turfgrass is a common component of urban landscapes that is expanding under current land use trends. Previous studies have reported high rates of soil carbon sequestration in turfgrass, but no systematic review has summarized these rates nor evaluated how they change as turfgrass ages. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil carbon sequestration rates from 63 studies. Those data, as well as the code used to analyze them and create figures, are shared here.

Dataset Development We conducted a systematic review from Nov 2020 to Jan 2021 using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Michigan Turfgrass Information File Database. The search terms targeted were "soil carbon", "carbon sequestration", "carbon storage", or “carbon stock”, with "turf", "turfgrass", "lawn", "urban ecosystem", or "residential", “Fescue”, “Zoysia”, “Poa”, “Cynodon”, “Bouteloua”, “Lolium”, or “Agrostis”. We included only peer-reviewed studies written in English that measured SOC change over one year or longer, and where grass was managed as turf (mowed or clipped regularly). We included studies that sampled to any soil depth, and included several methodologies: small-plot research conducted over a few years (22 datasets from 4 articles), chronosequences of golf courses or residential lawns (39 datasets from 16 articles), and one study that was a variation on a chronosequence method and compiled long-term soil test data provided by golf courses of various ages (3 datasets from Qian & Follett, 2002). In total, 63 datasets from 21 articles met the search criteria.

We excluded 1) duplicate reports of the same data, 2) small plot studies that did not report baseline SOC stocks, and 3) pure modeling studies. We included five papers that only measured changes in SOC concentrations, but not areal stocks (i.e., SOC in Mg ha-1). For these papers, we converted from concentrations to stocks using several approaches. For two papers (Law & Patton, 2017; Y. Qian & Follett, 2002) we used estimated bulk densities provided by the authors. For the chronosequences reported in Selhorst & Lal (2011), we used the average bulk density reported by the author. For the 13 choronosequences reported in Selhorst & Lal (2013), we estimated bulk density from the average relationship between percent C and bulk density reported by Selhorst (2011). For Wang et al. (2014), we used bulk density values from official soil survey descriptions.

Data provenance In most cases we contacted authors of the studies to obtain the original data. If authors did not reply after two inquiries, or no longer had access to the data, we captured data from published figures using WebPlotDigitizer (Rohatgi, 2021). For three manuscripts the data was already available, or partially available, in public data repositories. Data provenance information is provided in the document "Dataset summaries and citations.docx".

Recommended Uses We recommend the following to data users:

Consult and cite the original manuscripts for each dataset, which often provide additional information about turfgrass management, experimental methods, and environmental context. Original citations are provided in the document "Dataset summaries and citations.docx".
For datasets that were previously published in public repositories, consult and cite the original datasets, which may provide additional data on turfgrass management practices, soil nitrogen, and natural reference sites. Links to repositories are in the document "Dataset summaries and citations.docx".
Consider contacting the dataset authors to notify them of your plans to use the data, and to offer co-authorship as appropriate.
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Last updated: 2024-04-10T09:15:46.128283
Tags: ars, climate-change, data-gov, greenhouse-gas-emissions, lawn, np212, soil-carbon-sequestration, turfgrass, urban

Tables

Braun2019 Kansas Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.braun2019_kansas_tidy

12.5 KB
48 rows
15 columns


CREATE TABLE braun2019_kansas_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "age" DOUBLE,
  "plot" BIGINT,
  "mgt_int" VARCHAR,
  "depth" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" BIGINT,
  "lower_cm" BIGINT,
  "mgt_int_rep" BIGINT,
  "tn_pct" DOUBLE,
  "tc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_cm2" DOUBLE,
  "d_soc_mg_ha_yr" DOUBLE,
  "d_soc_g_m2_yr" DOUBLE,
  "outlier" VARCHAR
);

Campbell2014 AuthorsCopy Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.campbell2014_authorscopy_tidy

17.01 KB
232 rows
18 columns


CREATE TABLE campbell2014_authorscopy_tidy (
  "subdivision" VARCHAR,
  "address" BIGINT,
  "street" VARCHAR,
  "yr_built" BIGINT,
  "home_age" BIGINT,
  "age_class" VARCHAR,
  "age_class_1" BIGINT,
  "mgt_int" VARCHAR,
  "clips_returned" VARCHAR,
  "location" VARCHAR,
  "depth" VARCHAR,
  "soillayer" BIGINT,
  "n_percent" DOUBLE,
  "c_percent" DOUBLE,
  "cnratio" VARCHAR,
  "f_bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "c_g_m2" DOUBLE,
  "env_score" DOUBLE
);

Contosta2020 Manchester Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.contosta2020_manchester_tidy

11.95 KB
175 rows
8 columns


CREATE TABLE contosta2020_manchester_tidy (
  "lawn_id" BIGINT,
  "year" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" BIGINT,
  "lower_cm" BIGINT,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "soc_contosta" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_m2" DOUBLE
);

Gautum2020 Tidy 0

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.gautum2020_tidy_0

11.77 KB
180 rows
9 columns


CREATE TABLE gautum2020_tidy_0 (
  "lawn_id" BIGINT,
  "year" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "som_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_cm2" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_m2" DOUBLE
);

Golubiewski2006 Denver

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.golubiewski2006_denver

4.47 KB
31 rows
5 columns


CREATE TABLE golubiewski2006_denver (
  "column" VARCHAR,
  "year" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" BIGINT,
  "lower_cm" BIGINT,
  "soc_g_m2" DOUBLE
);

Huh2008

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.huh2008

4.94 KB
15 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE huh2008 (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" BIGINT,
  "lower_cm" BIGINT,
  "depth" VARCHAR,
  "soc_g_m2" BIGINT,
  "soc_g_m2_se" BIGINT
);

Huyler2013 AuthorsCopy Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.huyler2013_authorscopy_tidy

46.34 KB
1133 rows
27 columns


CREATE TABLE huyler2013_authorscopy_tidy (
  "type" VARCHAR,
  "addresses" VARCHAR,
  "yard_num" DOUBLE,
  "sample_num" VARCHAR,
  "depth" VARCHAR,
  "carbon_kg_m2" DOUBLE,
  "nitrogen_kg_m2" DOUBLE,
  "bulkdensity_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "home_age" DOUBLE,
  "lbc_ppm_caco3_ph" DOUBLE,
  "phcacl2" DOUBLE,
  "waterph" DOUBLE,
  "ca_mg_kg" DOUBLE,
  "k_mg_kg" DOUBLE,
  "mg_mg_kg" DOUBLE,
  "mn_mg_kg" DOUBLE,
  "p_mg_kg" DOUBLE,
  "zn_mg_kg" DOUBLE,
  "percent_sand" DOUBLE,
  "percent_clay" DOUBLE,
  "percent_silt" DOUBLE,
  "fertilize" DOUBLE,
  "water" DOUBLE,
  "mow" DOUBLE,
  "biomass_kg" DOUBLE,
  "biomass_below10m_kg" DOUBLE,
  "biomass_below_5_m_kg" DOUBLE
);

Qian2002 FairwaysCO

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.qian2002_fairwaysco

6.87 KB
152 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE qian2002_fairwaysco (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "som_percent" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "samplingdepth_cm" DOUBLE,
  "multiplier" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_m2" BIGINT
);

Qian2002 FairwaysWY

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.qian2002_fairwayswy

5.67 KB
56 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE qian2002_fairwayswy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "som_percent" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "samplingdepth_cm" DOUBLE,
  "multiplier" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_m2" BIGINT
);

Qian2002 GreensCO

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.qian2002_greensco

7.62 KB
177 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE qian2002_greensco (
  "year" DOUBLE,
  "som_percent" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE,
  "samplingdepth_cm" DOUBLE,
  "multiplier" DOUBLE,
  "soc_g_m2" BIGINT
);

Sapkota2020 Lubbock

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.sapkota2020_lubbock

2.6 KB
38 rows
2 columns


CREATE TABLE sapkota2020_lubbock (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "soc_g_m2" BIGINT
);

Selhorst2011 OHFairways Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2011_ohfairways_tidy

5.44 KB
132 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2011_ohfairways_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2011 OHRough Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2011_ohrough_tidy

5.4 KB
132 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2011_ohrough_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Albuquerque Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_albuquerque_tidy

5.22 KB
96 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_albuquerque_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Atlanta Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_atlanta_tidy

5.65 KB
132 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_atlanta_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Cheyenne Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_cheyenne_tidy

5.25 KB
120 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_cheyenne_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Dallas Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_dallas_tidy

5.26 KB
132 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_dallas_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Denver Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_denver_tidy

5.55 KB
108 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_denver_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Duluth Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_duluth_tidy

5.67 KB
132 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_duluth_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Houston Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_houston_tidy

5.58 KB
120 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_houston_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 LasVegas Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_lasvegas_tidy

5.45 KB
84 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_lasvegas_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Minneapolis Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_minneapolis_tidy

5.52 KB
96 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_minneapolis_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Orlando Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_orlando_tidy

5.64 KB
132 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_orlando_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Phoenix Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_phoenix_tidy

5.45 KB
96 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_phoenix_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);

Selhorst2013 Portland Tidy

@usgov.usda_gov_turfgrass_soil_carbon_change_through_time_raw_4906b4ac.selhorst2013_portland_tidy

5.39 KB
96 rows
6 columns


CREATE TABLE selhorst2013_portland_tidy (
  "year" BIGINT,
  "rep" BIGINT,
  "upper_cm" DOUBLE,
  "lower_cm" DOUBLE,
  "soc_pct" DOUBLE,
  "bd_g_cm3" DOUBLE
);