NASA FIRMS Active Fire Dataset (MODIS/VIIRS)

Description: NASA FIRMS Fire Data

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The dataset is sourced from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), part of the Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE). FIRMS provides both near real-time and archived fire detection data from NASA’s Earth observation satellites. The dataset includes three primary data sources, each utilizing advanced satellite instruments for active fire detection and monitoring.

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1. VIIRS 375m NRT (NOAA-20) Data

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• Instrument: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the NOAA-20 satellite.
• Resolution: 375 meters.
• Product: NRT VIIRS 375 m Active Fire product (VJ114IMGTDL_NRT).
• Description:
  • Detects active fires globally with a high spatial resolution.
  • Provides near real-time fire location and intensity data.
  • Ideal for applications requiring detailed fire mapping.
• DOI: 10.5067/FIRMS/VIIRS/VJ114IMGT_NRT.002.

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2. MODIS Collection 6.1 NRT Data

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• Instrument: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites.
• Resolution: 1 kilometer.
• Product: MODIS Collection 6.1 NRT Hotspot/Active Fire Detections (MCD14DL).
• Description:
  • Focuses on detecting thermal anomalies caused by active fires.
  • Provides consistent, global fire data with coarser spatial resolution compared to VIIRS.
  • Often used for broad-scale fire monitoring and historical analysis.
• DOI: 10.5067/FIRMS/MODIS/MCD14DL.NRT.0061.

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3. VIIRS 375m NRT Data (Suomi NPP)

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• Instrument: VIIRS aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite.
• Resolution: 375 meters.
• Product: NRT VIIRS 375 m Active Fire product (VNP14IMGT).
• Description:
  • Similar to NOAA-20 VIIRS but based on data from the Suomi NPP satellite.
  • Provides near real-time fire detection with a focus on small and intense fires.
  • Complements NOAA-20 data for cross-validation and enhanced monitoring.
• DOI: 10.5067/FIRMS/VIIRS/VNP14IMGT_NRT.002.

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Data Collection Methodology:

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Satellite Observations:

• Data is collected using satellite-based instruments (MODIS and VIIRS) that detect thermal anomalies, measuring infrared radiation emitted by fires.
• The sensors can differentiate between fire signals and background environmental noise.

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Near Real-Time Processing:

• Fire detection algorithms process data within 3 hours of satellite overpass, enabling near real-time monitoring.
• This is crucial for emergency response and resource management.

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Geospatial and Temporal Resolution:

• VIIRS: High spatial resolution (375m), providing detailed fire locations.
• MODIS: Moderate spatial resolution (1km), better suited for large-scale analysis.
• Data is reported globally, with daily updates depending on satellite coverage.

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Data Validation and Flagging:

• Includes metadata and confidence levels to indicate data reliability.
• Distinguishes between low, nominal, and high-confidence fire detections.

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Example Use Cases:

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- Wildfire Monitoring:

Identify and analyze wildfire locations and intensities in near real-time.

- Environmental Impact Studies:

Assess the effects of wildfires on air quality, carbon emissions, and ecosystems.

- Climate Change Research:

Examine relationships between wildfires and changing global climate patterns.

- Resource Management:

Inform disaster response teams and land managers about wildfire risks.

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No Endorsement Disclaimer:

The use of NASA FIRMS data does not imply endorsement by NASA, its affiliates, or the United States Government. References to NASA or its data in this project, publication, or derivative work should not be construed as an official endorsement or partnership. Users are solely responsible for how the data is utilized and represented in their projects.

###Disclaimer:
This dataset is sourced from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) and is provided "as-is." While the data is believed to be accurate, NASA and its affiliates disclaim any responsibility for errors, omissions, or consequences arising from the use of this data. Users are advised to independently verify the data before applying it to research or decision-making.

Source and Licensing:

Published By: NASA FIRMS, distributed via NASA Earthdata.

License: Publicly available data under open-use policies.

For more details, visit: NASA Earth Data Use Policy.