Context

The Planck mission, named after the German physicist Max Planck, was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013. Its primary goal was to study the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang, with unprecedented precision. The mission provided critical insights into the early universe, contributing to our understanding of cosmology and the fundamental parameters that describe the universe.

Key Milestones in the Planck Mission:

Mission Conception and Development (1990s-2000s):
Origins: The Planck mission was proposed in the early 1990s as part of ESA's Horizon 2000 scientific program. It was initially conceived as COBRAS/SAMBA, two separate proposals that were later merged to form the Planck mission.
Approval: ESA officially approved the Planck mission in 1996, and it was developed in conjunction with the Herschel Space Observatory. The two missions shared a common launcher to reduce costs.
Instruments: Planck carried two main instruments: the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) and the High Frequency Instrument (HFI). These instruments were designed to measure temperature fluctuations in the CMB across a broad range of frequencies.
Launch and Operations (2009-2013):
Launch: Planck was launched on May 14, 2009, aboard an Ariane 5 rocket from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana, along with the Herschel Space Observatory.
L2 Orbit: After launch, Planck was placed in a Lissajous orbit around the second Lagrange point (L2), about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. This location provided a stable environment with minimal interference from Earth, ideal for sensitive measurements of the CMB.
First Light and Surveys: Planck began its scientific observations in August 2009. Over the course of its mission, it completed multiple all-sky surveys, mapping the CMB with high precision and providing data that was critical for understanding the universe's origins, composition, and evolution.
Scientific Contributions (2010s):
Early Results: The first set of scientific results was released in 2011, including a high-resolution map of the entire sky, which showed the distribution of matter in the universe on large scales.
2013 Data Release: The first major data release occurred in March 2013, which provided the most detailed map of the CMB ever created. This data significantly refined estimates of the universe's age, composition, and the parameters of the standard cosmological model.
2015 and 2018 Data Releases: Subsequent data releases in 2015 and 2018 further improved these measurements and resolved some outstanding cosmological questions. The final 2018 release incorporated all the data from Planck, offering the most precise constraints on cosmological parameters to date.
End of Mission and Legacy:
End of Operations: Planck’s HFI ceased operations in January 2012 due to the depletion of its coolant, but the LFI continued observing until October 2013. The mission formally ended on October 23, 2013, when the satellite was decommissioned.
Legacy: The data from the Planck mission has had a profound impact on cosmology. It has provided the most precise measurements of the CMB, leading to a deeper understanding of the universe’s origins, its rate of expansion, the distribution of dark matter, and the nature of dark energy.

Scientific Impact:
Age of the Universe: Planck data established the age of the universe at approximately 13.8 billion years with high precision.

Cosmological Parameters: The mission refined the values of key cosmological parameters, such as the Hubble constant, the density of dark matter, and the amount of dark energy.

Inflationary Theory: Planck's observations provided strong support for the inflationary model of the early universe, offering insights into the conditions that existed a fraction of a second after the Big Bang.

The Planck mission remains a cornerstone in the field of cosmology, setting a benchmark for future studies of the early universe and the fundamental laws governing it.

Dataset Information

Dataset contain 1 .csv file: planck.csv(2.81 MB)

Content

The CSV file you uploaded contains the following columns:

name: The name or identifier of the object.
glon: Galactic longitude, a coordinate used in the galactic coordinate system.
glat: Galactic latitude, a coordinate used in the galactic coordinate system.
ra: Right ascension, a coordinate used in the equatorial coordinate system.
dec: Declination, a coordinate used in the equatorial coordinate system.
nband: The number of bands or frequency channels in which the object was observed.
flux1 to flux9: These columns represent the flux (or intensity of emission) measurements across different frequency bands.
flux_err1 to flux_err9: These columns represent the errors associated with the flux measurements for each corresponding band.
ercsc_name: An associated name or identifier from the ERCSC (Early Release Compact Source Catalogue).
note: A column for any additional notes or flags related to the object.

Field	Description	Unit	Data Type
`NAME`	Source name	—	`varchar2(23)`
`GLON`	Galactic longitude	deg	`float(126)`
`GLAT`	Galactic latitude	deg	`float(126)`
`ra`	Right Ascension (J2000)	deg	`float(126)`
`dec`	Declination (J2000)	deg	`float(126)`
`NBAND`	Number of Planck bands with detection	—	`number(10)`
`FLUX1`	Flux density at 30GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX2`	Flux density at 44GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX3`	Flux density at 70GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX4`	Flux density at 100GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX5`	Flux density at 143GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX6`	Flux density at 217GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX7`	Flux density at 353GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX8`	Flux density at 545GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX9`	Flux density at 857GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR1`	Flux density uncertainty at 30GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR2`	Flux density uncertainty at 44GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR3`	Flux density uncertainty at 70GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR4`	Flux density uncertainty at 100GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR5`	Flux density uncertainty at 143GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR6`	Flux density uncertainty at 217GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR7`	Flux density uncertainty at 353GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR8`	Flux density uncertainty at 545GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`FLUX_ERR9`	Flux density uncertainty at 857GHz	mJy	`float(126)`
`ERC_SC_NAME`	Name of the source in the ERCSC	—	`varchar2(217)`
`NOTE`	Flag, set to 1 if there is an entry in the notes file	—	`—`

Acknowledgements

The data released by the ESA is under public domain.

More information about the project: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck/
NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive: https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/frontpage/

Latest Planck Collaboration papers:

Planck 2018 results - I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
Planck Collaboration, N. Aghanim, Y. Akrami, F. Arroja, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, M. Ballardini, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, S. Basak, R. Battye, K. Benabed, J.-P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, J. J. Bock, J. R. Bond, J. Borrill, F. R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, M. Bucher, C. Burigana, R. C. Butler, E. Calabrese, J.-F. Cardoso, J. Carron, B. Casaponsa, A. Challinor, H. C. Chiang, L. P. L. Colombo, C. Combet, D. Contreras, B. P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, P. de Bernardis, G. de Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J.-M. Delouis, F.-X. Désert, E. Di Valentino, C. Dickinson, J. M. Diego, S. Donzelli, O. Doré, M. Douspis, A. Ducout, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, F. Elsner, T. A. Enßlin, H. K. Eriksen, E. Falgarone, Y. Fantaye, J. Fergusson, R. Fernandez-Cobos, F. Finelli, F. Forastieri, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, A. Frolov, S. Galeotta, S. Galli, K. Ganga, R. T. Génova-Santos, M. Gerbino, T. Ghosh, J. González-Nuevo, K. M. Górski, S. Gratton, A. Gruppuso, J. E. Gudmundsson, J. Hamann, W. Handley, F. K. Hansen, G. Helou, D. Herranz, S. R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, Z. Huang, A. H. Jaffe, W. C. Jones, A. Karakci, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, K. Kiiveri, J. Kim, T. S. Kisner, L. Knox, N. Krachmalnicoff, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, J.-M. Lamarre, M. Langer, A. Lasenby, M. Lattanzi, C. R. Lawrence, M. Le Jeune, J. P. Leahy, J. Lesgourgues, F. Levrier, A. Lewis, M. Liguori, P. B. Lilje, M. Lilley, V. Lindholm, M. López-Caniego, P. M. Lubin, Y.-Z. Ma, J. F. Macías-Pérez, G. Maggio, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, A. Mangilli, A. Marcos-Caballero, M. Maris, P. G. Martin, M. Martinelli, E. Martínez-González, S. Matarrese, N. Mauri, J. D. McEwen, P. D. Meerburg, P. R. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, M. Millea, S. Mitra, M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, D. Molinari, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, A. Moss, S. Mottet, M. Münchmeyer, P. Natoli, H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, C. A. Oxborrow, L. Pagano, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, G. Patanchon, T. J. Pearson, M. Peel, H. V. Peiris, F. Perrotta, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, L. Polastri, G. Polenta, J.-L. Puget, J. P. Rachen, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, A. Renzi, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, G. Roudier, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, B. Ruiz-Granados, L. Salvati, M. Sandri, M. Savelainen, D. Scott, E. P. S. Shellard, M. Shiraishi, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, L. D. Spencer, R. Sunyaev, A.-S. Suur-Uski, J. A. Tauber, D. Tavagnacco, M. Tenti, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, T. Trombetti, J. Valiviita, B. Van Tent, L. Vibert, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, B. D. Wandelt, I. K. Wehus, M. White, S. D. M. White, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca
A&A 641 A1 (2020)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833880

Tables

Planck

@kaggle.rudenkobogdan_planck_ercsc_bandmerged_catalog.planck

1.29 MB
15191 rows
26 columns


CREATE TABLE planck (
  "name" VARCHAR,
  "glon" DOUBLE,
  "glat" DOUBLE,
  "ra" DOUBLE,
  "dec" DOUBLE,
  "nband" BIGINT,
  "flux1" DOUBLE,
  "flux2" DOUBLE,
  "flux3" DOUBLE,
  "flux4" DOUBLE,
  "flux5" DOUBLE,
  "flux6" DOUBLE,
  "flux7" DOUBLE,
  "flux8" DOUBLE,
  "flux9" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err1" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err2" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err3" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err4" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err5" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err6" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err7" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err8" DOUBLE,
  "flux_err9" DOUBLE,
  "ercsc_name" VARCHAR,
  "note" BIGINT
);